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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial 3"
.TH ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial 3 "2014-12-02" "perl v5.16.3" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
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.SH "NAME"
ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial \- Writing a module with MakeMaker
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
.Vb 1
\& use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
\&
\& WriteMakefile(
\& NAME => \*(AqYour::Module\*(Aq,
\& VERSION_FROM => \*(Aqlib/Your/Module.pm\*(Aq
\& );
.Ve
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
This is a short tutorial on writing a simple module with MakeMaker.
It's really not that hard.
.SS "The Mantra"
.IX Subsection "The Mantra"
MakeMaker modules are installed using this simple mantra
.PP
.Vb 4
\& perl Makefile.PL
\& make
\& make test
\& make install
.Ve
.PP
There are lots more commands and options, but the above will do it.
.SS "The Layout"
.IX Subsection "The Layout"
The basic files in a module look something like this.
.PP
.Vb 3
\& Makefile.PL
\& MANIFEST
\& lib/Your/Module.pm
.Ve
.PP
That's all that's strictly necessary. There's additional files you might
want:
.PP
.Vb 8
\& lib/Your/Other/Module.pm
\& t/some_test.t
\& t/some_other_test.t
\& Changes
\& README
\& INSTALL
\& MANIFEST.SKIP
\& bin/some_program
.Ve
.IP "Makefile.PL" 4
.IX Item "Makefile.PL"
When you run Makefile.PL, it makes a Makefile. That's the whole point of
MakeMaker. The Makefile.PL is a simple program which loads
ExtUtils::MakeMaker and runs the \fIWriteMakefile()\fR function to generate a
Makefile.
.Sp
Here's an example of what you need for a simple module:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
\&
\& WriteMakefile(
\& NAME => \*(AqYour::Module\*(Aq,
\& VERSION_FROM => \*(Aqlib/Your/Module.pm\*(Aq
\& );
.Ve
.Sp
\&\s-1NAME\s0 is the top-level namespace of your module. \s-1VERSION_FROM\s0 is the file
which contains the \f(CW$VERSION\fR variable for the entire distribution. Typically
this is the same as your top-level module.
.IP "\s-1MANIFEST\s0" 4
.IX Item "MANIFEST"
A simple listing of all the files in your distribution.
.Sp
.Vb 3
\& Makefile.PL
\& MANIFEST
\& lib/Your/Module.pm
.Ve
.Sp
File paths in a \s-1MANIFEST\s0 always use Unix conventions (ie. /) even if you're
not on Unix.
.Sp
You can write this by hand or generate it with 'make manifest'.
.Sp
See ExtUtils::Manifest for more details.
.IP "lib/" 4
.IX Item "lib/"
This is the directory where the .pm and .pod files you wish to have
installed go. They are laid out according to namespace. So Foo::Bar
is \fIlib/Foo/Bar.pm\fR.
.IP "t/" 4
.IX Item "t/"
Tests for your modules go here. Each test filename ends with a .t.
So \fIt/foo.t\fR/ 'make test' will run these tests. The directory is flat,
you cannot, for example, have t/foo/bar.t run by 'make test'.
.Sp
Tests are run from the top level of your distribution. So inside a test
you would refer to ./lib to enter the lib directory, for example.
.IP "Changes" 4
.IX Item "Changes"
A log of changes you've made to this module. The layout is free-form.
Here's an example:
.Sp
.Vb 3
\& 1.01 Fri Apr 11 00:21:25 PDT 2003
\& \- thing() does some stuff now
\& \- fixed the wiggy bug in withit()
\&
\& 1.00 Mon Apr 7 00:57:15 PDT 2003
\& \- "Rain of Frogs" now supported
.Ve
.IP "\s-1README\s0" 4
.IX Item "README"
A short description of your module, what it does, why someone would use it
and its limitations. \s-1CPAN\s0 automatically pulls your \s-1README\s0 file out of
the archive and makes it available to \s-1CPAN\s0 users, it is the first thing
they will read to decide if your module is right for them.
.IP "\s-1INSTALL\s0" 4
.IX Item "INSTALL"
Instructions on how to install your module along with any dependencies.
Suggested information to include here:
.Sp
.Vb 3
\& any extra modules required for use
\& the minimum version of Perl required
\& if only works on certain operating systems
.Ve
.IP "\s-1MANIFEST.SKIP\s0" 4
.IX Item "MANIFEST.SKIP"
A file full of regular expressions to exclude when using 'make
manifest' to generate the \s-1MANIFEST. \s0 These regular expressions
are checked against each file path found in the distribution (so
you're matching against \*(L"t/foo.t\*(R" not \*(L"foo.t\*(R").
.Sp
Here's a sample:
.Sp
.Vb 3
\& ~$ # ignore emacs and vim backup files
\& .bak$ # ignore manual backups
\& \e# # ignore CVS old revision files and emacs temp files
.Ve
.Sp
Since # can be used for comments, # must be escaped.
.Sp
MakeMaker comes with a default \s-1MANIFEST.SKIP\s0 to avoid things like
version control directories and backup files. Specifying your own
will override this default.
.IP "bin/" 4
.IX Item "bin/"
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
perlmodstyle gives stylistic help writing a module.
.PP
perlnewmod gives more information about how to write a module.
.PP
There are modules to help you through the process of writing a module:
ExtUtils::ModuleMaker, Module::Install, \s-1PAR\s0
Mini Shell